{"id":443,"date":"2020-07-07T16:02:51","date_gmt":"2020-07-07T14:02:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/compagnons-de-maguelone.org\/?page_id=443"},"modified":"2020-08-19T16:20:13","modified_gmt":"2020-08-19T14:20:13","slug":"les-fouilles-recentes-a-maguelone","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/compagnons-de-maguelone.org\/les-fouilles-recentes-a-maguelone\/","title":{"rendered":"Les fouilles r\u00e9centes \u00e0 Maguelone"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Les fouilles r\u00e9centes \u00e0 Maguelone<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Maguelone, bourgade littorale entre Antiquit\u00e9 et Moyen-\u00c2ge<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n

Les cinq saisons de fouilles conduites de 2015 \u00e0 2019 dans les parties Ouest et Nord \u00e9clairent la topographie<\/span>\u00a0antique de l\u2019\u00eele, connue d\u00e9sormais sur plus de 5000 m\u00b2. Une quinzaine de b\u00e2timents d\u00e9gag\u00e9s, une s\u00e9rie de<\/span>\u00a0puits, des am\u00e9nagements li\u00e9s \u00e0 la construction en terre, plusieurs secteurs fun\u00e9raires, offrent d\u00e9sormais<\/span>\u00a0l\u2019image de quartiers aux fonctions diversifi\u00e9es du V\u00e8me au VII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. L\u2019une des hypoth\u00e8ses initiales<\/span>\u00a0des recherches qui supposait l\u2019existence d\u2019une agglom\u00e9ration de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 tardive, se v\u00e9rifie : le contexte<\/span>\u00a0de la cr\u00e9ation \u00e9piscopale au VI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle se mat\u00e9rialise.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Localisation des zones de recherches sur l\u2019\u00eele de Maguelone (photo L. Damelet, CNRS)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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L’\u00e9v\u00eaque et les artisans
<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n
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Tuile de fabrication locale portant le monogramme du Christ, alpha et om\u00e9ga trac\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019envers (photo Gourillon-Raynaud, CNRS)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Connue depuis la d\u00e9couverte ancienne du d\u00e9potoir d\u2019un atelier de verrier du VI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle aux abords de la Cath\u00e9drale, cette activit\u00e9 a livr\u00e9 de nouveaux vestiges dans le quartier Ouest. L\u2019activit\u00e9 artisanale et le b\u00e2timent \u00e9taient aussi redevables de l\u2019exploitation du substrat insulaire : la d\u00e9couverte dans plusieurs s\u00e9pultures de tuiles portant des symboles religieux, croix, monogramme du Christ et crosse pastorale, t\u00e9moigne d\u2019une production locale de terres cuites, probablement sous le contr\u00f4le \u00e9piscopal.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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B\u00e2tisseurs<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n
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Vue a\u00e9rienne de la fouille du quartier nord en 2019. (photo : Vincent Lauras-Globdrone\/DRAC
Occitanie)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La fouille livre de nombreux indices sur la construction en terre, depuis les fosses d\u2019extraction du mat\u00e9riau jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la mise en oeuvre dont tous les b\u00e2timents ont livr\u00e9 des vestiges. On sait d\u00e9sormais comment la \u00ab terre \u00e0 b\u00e2tir \u00bb \u00e9tait appr\u00eat\u00e9e dans des fosses o\u00f9 s\u2019effectuaient le foulage et le p\u00e9trissage du s\u00e9diment. Bien connue \u00e0 Lattara durant la protohistoire, la construction en terre, loin de d\u00e9noter une situation de p\u00e9nurie, t\u00e9moigne d\u2019une adaptation aux ressources lagunaire o\u00f9 la pierre fait d\u00e9faut et o\u00f9 la terre offre d\u2019excellentes qualit\u00e9s techniques.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Maguelone et la mer<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n
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S\u00e9pulture de nouveau-n\u00e9 dans une amphore provenant de la r\u00e9gion de Carthage, Ve si\u00e8cle (photo Cl. Raynaud, CNRS)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La question de la fonction portuaire\u00a0 d\u00e9coule de la situation sur le littoral. Apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9sertion du port de Lattara<\/em> au III\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, l\u2019\u00eele de Maguelone serait-elle la place d\u2019\u00e9change avec la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e ? Accr\u00e9dit\u00e9e par le nom de \u00ab\u00a0Port Sarrazin\u00a0\u00bb de la partie sud de l\u2019\u00eele, l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se se trouve confort\u00e9e par la forte repr\u00e9sentation des importations de c\u00e9ramiques et d\u2019amphores, particuli\u00e8rement orientales. Toutefois, les fouilles n\u2019apportent pas de r\u00e9ponse concr\u00e8te, m\u00eame si un grand b\u00e2timent du quartier nord \u00e9voque une fonction de stockage avec cour enclose et b\u00e2timents annexes, couvrant pr\u00e8s de 1000 m\u00b2. L\u2019hypoth\u00e8se reste \u00e0 v\u00e9rifier…<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Les vivants et les morts
<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n
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Fouille en 2019 d\u2019une s\u00e9pulture du VIe si\u00e8cle (clich\u00e9 CNRS)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La multiplicit\u00e9 des lieux de s\u00e9pulture d\u00e9couverts par les fouilles offre les images oppos\u00e9es mais compl\u00e9mentaires du rassemblement des d\u00e9funts dans et autour des \u00e9glises, puis de leur dispersion dans les ruines lors de l\u2019abandon progressif de l\u2019\u00eele au VIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Ces pratiques fun\u00e9raires \u00e9clairent les processus successifs de groupement, d\u2019affaissement puis de dilution de la communaut\u00e9 des vivants, observ\u00e9e \u00e0 travers les soins qu\u2019elle prenait des d\u00e9funts et les lieux qu\u2019elle leur assignait.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Entre Lattara l’\u00e9trusque et Montpellier la m\u00e9di\u00e9vale
<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n

Pi\u00e8ce ma\u00eetresse du patrimoine lagunaire, l\u2019ancienne \u00eele offre l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de conduire l\u2019\u00e9tude des dynamiques urbaines \u00e0 la charni\u00e8re entre Antiquit\u00e9 et Moyen-\u00c2ge. Apr\u00e8s des d\u00e9cennies d\u2019oubli de la part des arch\u00e9ologues et d\u2019\u00e9rosion des vestiges par les labours, Maguelone reste en mesure de livrer une contribution majeure \u00e0 l\u2019arch\u00e9ologie du Languedoc.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les fouilles r\u00e9centes \u00e0 Maguelone Maguelone, bourgade littorale entre Antiquit\u00e9 et Moyen-\u00c2ge Les cinq saisons de fouilles conduites de 2015 \u00e0 2019 dans les parties Ouest et Nord \u00e9clairent la topographie\u00a0antique de l\u2019\u00eele, connue d\u00e9sormais sur plus de 5000 m\u00b2. Une quinzaine de b\u00e2timents d\u00e9gag\u00e9s, une s\u00e9rie de\u00a0puits, des am\u00e9nagements li\u00e9s \u00e0 la construction en […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-443","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes fouilles r\u00e9centes \u00e0 Maguelone - Les compagnons de Maguelone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"De nombreuse fouilles arch\u00e9ologiques attestent du patrimoine culturel et b\u00e2ti \u00e0 Maguelone, ainsi que des diverses invasions.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/compagnons-de-maguelone.org\/les-fouilles-recentes-a-maguelone\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les fouilles r\u00e9centes \u00e0 Maguelone - 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